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Resources and Reagent Training

Resources and Reagent Training


Laboratory Conduct & Safety Guidelines


Protocol and instructions for basic histology and immunochemical staining

Use of a microtome (Leica SM2010R)

Making paraformaldehyde (PFA) solutions

Making Phosphate Buffer (PB) or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) solutions

Processing recorded slices for intracellular biocytin staining

Indirect immunofluorescent staining

Cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining: CO is a mitochondrial energy-generating enzyme used in brain studies as a marker of neural functional activity.


Protocol and instructions for electrophysiology and photostimulation circuit mapping

Ikrar, T., Olivas, N., Shi, Y., Xu, X. (2011) Mapping inhibitory neuronal circuits by laser scanning photostimulation. Journal of Visualized Experiments (56), e3109, DOI : 10.3791/3109. [PMID:22006064]   YouTube link

Making normal 2mMMg 2mMCa Recording Solution

Making brain slices cutting solution

Making electrode internal solutions

1. K+ based  2. Cs+ based


Protocol and instructions for fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging

Xu, X., Olivas, N.D., Levi, R., Ikrar, T., Nenadic, Z. (2010) High resolution and fast functional mapping of cortical circuitry through a novel combination of voltage sensitive dye imaging and laser scanning photostimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 103, 2301 – 2312.

Instructions on how to run VSD and photostimulation experiments


Protocol and instructions for viral injection

Standard Operating Procedures for: StereotaxicG-deleted rabies injection

Notes on surgery, injection, animal care


Resources generated by our projects will be made available in compliance with the NIH policy on sharing research resources.

In particular, we will make available to the research community the viral vectors, plasmids, and all other resources that will be generated by the project.  Currently, we have virus stocks of genetically modified rabies (SAD ΔG-EGFP, SAD ΔG-DsRed,EnvA SAD ΔG-EGFP, EnvASAD ΔG-DsRed), helper AAVs (AAV-DIO-HB, AAV-DIO-HTB).  The related plasmids are available at Addgene.com.  A request of aliquots should be directed to Dr. Xu at xiangmin.xu@uci.edu

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